Georgia, the small country located in the Caucasus region, is known for its rich cultural heritage, delicious cuisine, and stunning landscapes. But one of the most fascinating aspects of Georgian culture is its traditional music and instruments.
Georgian folk music is unique and diverse, with a history that dates back thousands of years. It is characterized by complex polyphony, where multiple voices sing different melodies simultaneously, creating a rich and harmonious sound. Georgian folk music has been recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
In this guide, we will explore the different types of Georgian folk music, the instruments used, and the history behind them.
Types of Georgian Folk Music
Kartuli
Kartuli is the most popular type of Georgian folk music. It originated in the region of Kartli and is characterized by its slow and melodic tunes. Kartuli is usually sung in three-part harmony, with one singer leading the melody and the other two providing a drone-like accompaniment.
Kartuli is often associated with love and romance, with many of its songs telling stories of unrequited love or the beauty of the Georgian landscape. One of the most famous Kartuli songs is "Shen Khar Venakhi," which is often performed at weddings and other celebrations.
Krimanchuli
Krimanchuli is a type of Georgian folk music that originated in the mountainous region of Khevsureti. It is characterized by its fast tempo and energetic rhythm, with the use of drums and other percussion instruments.
Krimanchuli is often associated with bravery and heroism, with many of its songs telling stories of battles and conquests. One of the most famous Krimanchuli songs is "Chakrulo," which was performed at the closing ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
Guruli
Guruli is a type of Georgian folk music that originated in the region of Guria. It is characterized by its lively and upbeat tempo, with the use of string instruments such as the chonguri and panduri.
Guruli is often associated with joy and celebration, with many of its songs telling stories of feasts and parties. One of the most famous Guruli songs is "Suliko," which has been covered by many famous singers and musicians.
Mokhevuri
Mokhevuri is a type of Georgian folk music that is sung during feasts and celebrations. It is characterized by its energetic rhythm and the use of percussion instruments such as the doli and changi.
Mokhevuri is often associated with happiness and merriment, with many of its songs encouraging people to dance and have a good time. One of the most famous Mokhevuri songs is "Kakhuri Mokhevsuri," which is often performed at weddings and other celebrations.
Instruments Used in Georgian Folk Music
Chonguri
The chonguri is a traditional Georgian string instrument that is used in many types of folk music. It has three strings and is played with a plectrum. The chonguri is known for its rich and mellow sound, and is often used to accompany vocal music.
The chonguri is one of the most important instruments in Georgian folk music, and is often played by soloists or small ensembles. It is also used in many Georgian songs and dances, and is an integral part of the country's musical heritage.
Panduri
The panduri is another traditional Georgian string instrument that is similar to the chonguri. It has three strings and is played with a plectrum. The panduri is known for its bright and sharp sound, and is often used in Guruli folk music.
The panduri is an important instrument in Georgian folk music, and is often played by soloists or small ensembles. It is also used in many Georgian songs and dances, and is an integral part of the country's musical heritage.
Doli
The doli is a traditional Georgian percussion instrument that is used in Mokhevuri folk music. It is a large drum that is played with two sticks, and is known for its deep and resonant sound.
The doli is an important instrument in Georgian folk music, and is often played by ensembles or larger groups. It is also used in many Georgian songs and dances, and is an integral part of the country's musical heritage.
Changi
The changi is another traditional Georgian percussion instrument that is used in Mokhevuri folk music. It is a type of tambourine that is played with the hands, and is known for its bright and lively sound.
The changi is an important instrument in Georgian folk music, and is often played by ensembles or larger groups. It is also used in many Georgian songs and dances, and is an integral part of the country's musical heritage.
History of Georgian Folk Music
Georgian folk music has a long and rich history that dates back thousands of years. It has been influenced by many different cultures, including Persian, Turkish, and Russian.
One of the most important figures in the history of Georgian folk music is the composer and conductor Zakaria Paliashvili. He is considered to be the father of Georgian classical music, and his works are still performed today.
During the Soviet era, Georgian folk music was heavily censored and suppressed. Many traditional instruments were banned, and musicians were forced to perform only approved songs. However, after Georgia gained its independence in 1991, there was a resurgence of interest in traditional music and instruments.
Today, Georgian folk music is thriving, with many young musicians and singers embracing their cultural heritage and keeping the tradition alive.
Famous Georgian Musicians
Georgian folk music has produced many famous musicians and singers over the years. Some of the most famous include:
Rustavi Choir
The Rustavi Choir is a Georgian folk music ensemble that was founded in 1968. It is known for its powerful and haunting polyphonic singing, and has performed all over the world. The Rustavi Choir has won many awards and is considered to be one of the best ensembles of its kind.
Lela Tsurtsumia
Lela Tsurtsumia is a famous Georgian singer who is known for her powerful voice and emotional performances. She has released many albums and has won many awards for her music.
Nino Katamadze
Nino Katamadze is a Georgian singer and songwriter who is known for her unique voice and eclectic style. She has released many albums and has won many awards for her music.
Conclusion
Georgian folk music is a fascinating and unique aspect of Georgian culture. Its complex polyphony, traditional instruments, and rich history make it a must-see for anyone interested in music and culture.
Whether you are listening to the slow and melodic Kartuli, the energetic Krimanchuli, or the lively Guruli, you will be transported to a world of beauty and harmony.
So the next time you visit Georgia, make sure to explore its rich musical heritage and experience the magic of Georgian folk music.